Trends in federal expenditure by function
| Actual 2023 | 2024 target | Actual | Year-on-year change (year to date) | ||||||||
| January 2023 | January 2024 | ||||||||||
| in €m | share in % | in €m | share in % | in €m | in % | ||||||
General public services | 111,314 | 24.4 | 113,938 | 23.9 | 9,226 | 10,005 | +8.4 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Economic cooperation and development | 11,866 | 2.6 | 11,054 | 2.3 | 1,361 | 1,302 | -4.4 | ||||
Defence | 55,521 | 12.1 | 58,346 | 12.2 | 4,586 | 5,363 | +16.9 | ||||
Government, central administration | 22,243 | 4.9 | 23,411 | 4.9 | 2,001 | 2,116 | +5.7 | ||||
Revenue administration | 6,961 | 1.5 | 6,933 | 1.5 | 471 | 496 | +5.5 | ||||
Education, science, research, cultural affairs | 29,479 | 6.4 | 30,680 | 6.4 | 1,593 | 1,833 | +15.1 | ||||
Support for school and university students and training programme participants | 5,205 | 1.1 | 4,338 | 0.9 | 527 | 465 | -11.8 | ||||
Science, research and development outside of higher education institutions | 16,973 | 3.7 | 17,595 | 3.7 | 680 | 657 | -3.4 | ||||
Social security, family affairs and youth, labour market policy | 215,222 | 47.1 | 218,310 | 45.8 | 27,607 | 27,040 | -2.1 | ||||
Social security funds including unemployment insurance | 136,028 | 29.8 | 137,841 | 28.9 | 20,041 | 19,615 | -2.1 | ||||
of which: | |||||||||||
General pension insurance | 103,053 | 22.5 | 107,556 | 22.6 | 15,706 | 16,454 | +4.8 | ||||
Health insurance | 18,968 | 4.1 | 16,026 | 3.4 | 1,452 | 1,343 | -7.5 | ||||
Labour market policy | 48,212 | 10.5 | 47,323 | 9.9 | 3,682 | 4,181 | +13.5 | ||||
of which: | |||||||||||
Citizen’s benefit under Book II of the Social Code | 25,808 | 5.6 | 26,500 | 5.6 | 2,384 | 2,753 | +15.5 | ||||
Government housing and heating allowances under Book II of the Social Code | 11,576 | 2.5 | 11,100 | 2.3 | 662 | 798 | +20.5 | ||||
Family assistance, welfare services, etc. | 13,396 | 2.9 | 14,571 | 3.1 | 1,027 | 1,161 | +13.0 | ||||
Social benefits under Book XII of the Social Code and the Asylum Seekers Benefits Act (Asylbewerberleistungsgesetz) | 9,873 | 2.2 | 10,927 | 2.3 | 986 | 1,145 | +16.2 | ||||
Other social affairs | 2,240 | 0.5 | 1,833 | 0.4 | 1,202 | 14 | -98.8 | ||||
Health, environment, sport, recreation | 6,561 | 1.4 | 5,486 | 1.2 | 448 | 261 | -41.8 | ||||
Housing, urban development, regional planning and local community services | 3,549 | 0.8 | 4,041 | 0.8 | 139 | 142 | +2.1 | ||||
Housing, home ownership savings premium | 2,271 | 0.5 | 2,745 | 0.6 | 131 | 127 | -3.3 | ||||
Food, agriculture and forestry | 1,723 | 0.4 | 1,756 | 0.4 | 46 | 43 | -6.7 | ||||
Energy and water management, trade and services | 14,573 | 3.2 | 13,652 | 2.9 | 6,741 | 129 | -98.1 | ||||
Regional support measures | 1,799 | 0.4 | 4,447 | 0.9 | 7 | 20 | +174.5 | ||||
Monetary and insurance system | 7,032 | 1.5 | 165 | 0.0 | 6,500 | 0 | -100.0 | ||||
Other trade and services | 1,755 | 0.4 | 4,155 | 0.9 | 38 | 37 | -2.7 | ||||
Transport and communication | 28,478 | 6.2 | 35,556 | 7.5 | 1,500 | 1,573 | +4.9 | ||||
Roads | 9,949 | 2.2 | 9,524 | 2.0 | 410 | 565 | +37.9 | ||||
Railways and public transport | 10,795 | 2.4 | 17,884 | 3.8 | 519 | 472 | -9.0 | ||||
Financial management | 46,228 | 10.1 | 53,390 | 11.2 | 5,201 | 5,354 | +2.9 | ||||
Real property and capital assets, special funds and financial grants | 7,323 | 1.6 | 21,558 | 4.5 | 225 | 207 | -8.2 | ||||
Interest expenditure and borrowing-related expenditure | 37,687 | 8.2 | 37,445 | 7.9 | 4,871 | 5,066 | +4.0 | ||||
Total expenditure¹ | 457,129 | 100.0 | 476,808 | 100.0 | 52,501 | 46,380 | -11.7 | ||||
| ¹ With the exception of expenditure on the repayment of debt incurred on the credit market, allocations to reserves and expenditure made to cover a cash deficit. Excluding expenditure from internal offsetting. Source: Federal Ministry of Finance | |||||||||||